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Alloy wheels are made from mixtures of metals that offer greater strength than pure metals. They can also reduce unsprung mass to improve handling, provide better heat conduction and produce a more pleasing cosmetic appearance than steel wheels. However, they can be expensive to replace if they’re damaged.
The most common method for alloy wheel production uses low pressure die casting technology. This method involves pouring molten metal into a die, which is then closed with high closing force using a piston. The casting method is cheaper and more corrosion-resistant than forged alloy wheels, but the wheels it produces are less ductile.
Researchers have determined that Hf-Ta-C has a higher melting point than pure aluminum. This is because it has a higher heat of fusion (the amount of energy absorbed or released as the solid atoms melt) and a lower difference in disorder, or entropy, between the solid and liquid states.
The image in Figure 2 shows an aluminum workpiece that has been clogged with stringy, fused chips of the material. These chips are visible in the bright areas of the image, while darker spots represent the worn areas of abrasive grain and bond. Streaks along the center of the mass show rubbing marks that suggest the aluminum was semisolid when it became stuck to the grinding wheel. As the aluminum chips stuck to the wheel, they prevented the abrasive grain from removing any more of the workpiece and triggered a macroscale feedback loop in which more and more aluminum adhered to and clogged the wheel.