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When speaking about graphene, we need to first state the all-natural mineral graphite that is commonly existing in our life.
As an allotrope of carbon, graphite is a layered material, and the carbon atoms inside graphite are arranged layer by layer. Carbon atoms in the exact same layer “hold hands” and are closely attached, but the combination of carbon atoms in between various layers hangs, like a pile of playing cards. With a mild press, the cards will certainly slide apart.
(Graphene Powder)
From the viewpoint of chemical framework, graphite is a transitional crystal between atomic crystals, steel crystals and molecular crystals. In the crystal, carbon atoms in the exact same layer kind covalent bonds with sp2 hybridization, each carbon atom is attached to 3 other carbon atoms, and six carbon atoms form a normal hexagonal ring on the very same plane, extending to form a sheet framework.
If graphite is a stack of playing cards, after that graphene is just one of the cards in this pile of playing cards. Graphene is a two-dimensional material made up of a solitary layer of carbon atoms. Stacking graphene layer by layer is graphite. A 1 mm thick graphite includes about 3 million layers of graphene.
Although graphene exists in nature, it is challenging to peel a single layer framework.
More than twenty years earlier, Andre Geim and Konstantin Novoselov, scientists at the University of Manchester in the UK, thought that there have to be a means to get a solitary layer of graphite.
Exactly how can a single layer of graphite be peeled off? Researchers took a very “simple and unrefined” approach – sticking it with tape.
“Much like when we compose a typo on paper, we will certainly stick the typo with tape.” Based upon this, researchers strongly associate that if tape can adhere to the surface of paper, can it additionally adhere to layers of graphite?
( TRUNNANO Graphenen Powder)
In the experiment, scientists stuck both sides of pyrolytic graphite flakes to a special tape, and tore off the tape, the graphite sheet was split into 2. Although the thickness of graphite currently is still much from that of a solitary layer of graphite, researchers have verified the usefulness of this technique – each time the tape is made use of, the graphite becomes thinner. By demanding utilizing this “mechanical exfoliation technique” to repeat the procedure, they finally acquired a slim sheet containing only one layer of carbon atoms, which is graphene.
However, this technique of consistently exfoliating graphite sheets with tape to acquire graphene has low manufacturing efficiency and can only be used to prepare micron-thick graphene, and can not be mass-produced industrially.
Later, with the renovation of clinical and technical levels, the prep work technique of graphene has likewise made excellent progression. At present, along with this traditional physical and mechanical peeling technique, there are also numerous approaches for preparing graphene, such as redox method, solvent exfoliation method, chemical vapor deposition, etc
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