copper sulfate monohydrate (CuSO4H2O) is an inorganic chemical compound that shows catalytic activity in various reactions and also has antifungal, root killer, and herbicide properties. The compound is found in a wide range of products and is used in laboratories for testing blood samples for protein and amino acid concentrations, among other things.

In its liquid form, it is known as Bordeaux mixture and can be used to prevent fungus formation on grapes and other fruits. The mineral is often mixed with slaked lime and added to the foundation of buildings to prevent dry rot in woodwork. A solution of copper sulfate is also used to kill snails and zebra mussels in water pipes, because copper ions are toxic to these creatures.

A solution of copper sulfate can cause first-degree burns when skin contacts it, with second-degree burns possible on prolonged exposure. It is also corrosive to metals and may cause severe eye irritation when exposed to the eyes. It is important to review the federal, state and local regulations on handling this chemical, as it can be dangerous if inhaled or ingested. For this reason, Flinn recommends wearing a respirator when working with this substance. Before a product containing copper sulfate can be sold, it must undergo laboratory tests for short- and long-term (chronic) health effects on animals. This information can be found in the U.S. EPA’s pesticide registration database. For additional safety information on this and other chemicals, consult the Flinn Science Laboratory Reference Manual.

copper sulfate monohydrate is a hygroscopic, solid, blue crystalline inorganic compound with the chemical formula CuSO4*5H2O. It is also known as blue stone and blue vitriol. When heated, it turns to the anhydrous form, which is white. When water is added to the anhydrous form, it rehydrates, turning back into the pentahydrate form, which is blue. The pentahydrate is the raw material for preparing other copper(II) sulfate salts and solutions.

The chemical is used as an antifungal, algaecide and root killer in both agricultural and non-agricultural settings. It is also used as a disinfectant, fungicide and antiseptic in animal husbandry. Copper sulfate is also used in paint and to prevent the formation of dry rot in wood. Copper sulfate is very effective in controlling mildew on fruits, vegetables and other crops.

It is toxic to fish and other aquatic organisms, and can be fatal if inhaled. Workers handling this product should wear protective clothing, eyewear and gloves when working with it. Copper sulfate should be stored in a cool, dry area. It should be kept away from alkalis, magnesium and acetylene.

There is no evidence that copper or copper salts cause cancer in humans. However, it is known that some forms of copper can interfere with the body's ability to regulate copper in its tissues. For this reason, the U.S. EPA has classified this compound as a possible carcinogen for oral exposure. See the text boxes on Toxicity Classification and Carcinogenicity for additional information.