Silicon nitride Inorganic substance Si3N4 has the chemical formula. It is a ceramic material of high wear resistance, inherent lubricity and hardness. The atomic crystal silicon nitride resists oxidation when heated to high temperatures.
It is a synthetic ceramic. Because the covalent bonds between silicon atoms, and nitrogen atoms, in its structure, are strong, it has high strength.

Silicon Nitride: Properties

Normal temperature strength and high fracture toughness are characteristics of silicon nitride. They will maintain their strength at high temperatures. The properties of the material are:

(1) Silicon Nitride material is low in linear expansion, has good thermal conductivity and thermal shock resistance,
(2) The hardness level of silicon nitride, at 99.5, is the second highest in the world, only behind diamond and BN.
This material is highly wear resistant, self-lubricating with a small friction coefficient.
(4) Silicon nitride exhibits good mechanical properties.
(5) Silicon nitride has excellent insulation properties at high temperatures;
It can also exist in some alkalis; It can be found in some alkalis.
(7) When the silicon nitride material is oxidized, it forms a dense layer of silicon dioxide on the surface. The film prevents the oxidation from continuing. Its oxidation resistant temperature can reach up to 1400 and it can also be used as high as 1870 under reducing conditions.
Silicon nitride has a non-wetting property with high-temperature metallic solution and molten steel slag. This makes it an excellent corrosion-resistant molten steel slag material.

Material industry views silicon nitride ceramic as a material with excellent overall performance that can be used for high temperature fields.

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Silicon nitride Has high strength. Especially hot-pressed silica nitride which is one the hardest materials on the planet. It can withstand temperatures up to 1200degC and maintain its strength. After heating, it will not turn into a melted substance and won't decompose till 1900degC.
Silicon nitride resists chemical corrosion with amazing strength. It is resistant against almost all organic and inorganic acid solutions. It's also a highly-performance electrical insulation material.

Ceramics made of silicon nitride have many excellent properties. They are used for bearings as well as turbine blades.

Silicon Nitride as a Refractory Material

The excellent properties of silicon nitride, including high temperature strength, wear resistance, and corrosion resistance make it a promising material for high-temperature structures.

1) Application to ironmaking refractories
Recent years have seen significant improvements in the corundum-silicon-carbide-silicon-nitride products used for large-scale blast-furnaces. In the middle section and load-bearing part of large blast furnaces as well, silicon carbide, silicon oxynitride and silicon nitride refractory materials have been widely applied.

2) Application in steelmaking Refractories
The bottom ladle material has been made of silicon nitride in recent years. The addition of silicon-nitride materials to the slideplate improves wear resistance, erosion resistant and service lifetime of the slideplate, and reduces steel costs per ton for ladle refinement.

(3) Application to refractory smelting non-ferrous metals, such as copper, aluminum, zinc, etc.
Silicon nitride does not wet metal solutions at high temperature, so it is suitable for high-temperature products in the nonferrous metal smelting processes, such as thermowells. Smelting furnace linings. Container linings. Crucibles. Silicon nitride ceramic products have good thermal shock resistance and can be used stably for a long time at high temperatures or in high-temperature-low-temperature cycles.

(4) Application in kiln furniture materials
The ceramic shed is composed of silicon carbide and metal Si fine powders, both prepared through reaction sintering at high temperatures in nitrogen atmosphere.

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Silicon nitride Powder Inorganic substance Si3N4 has the chemical formula. This is an important ceramic structural material, with high hardness.

Silicon Nitride Properties:

Powdered silicon nitride can be gray, off-white or white. It is a compound with a melting point of zero and possesses remarkably high resistance to high temperature creep. The load softening of reactive sintered Silicon Nitride without a Binder is above 1850degC.
It has two hexagonal crystalline structures, a and B. Its decomposition is 1850degC when exposed to 110MPa of nitrogen and 1800degC with air. The powder is characterized by a low thermal coefficient and a high thermal conductivity.

Other than hydrofluoric acid or hot phosphoric, silicon nitride has a high corrosion resistance.

Silicon Nitride Application:

Due to its excellent properties, silicon nitride is often used in the manufacture of bearings. Other mechanical components, such as turbine blades or mechanical seal rings are also made from this material. The heating surfaces of engine parts can be made from silicon nitride materials, which resist high temperatures and are difficult to transfer heat.

The material silicon nitride, which is a high grade refractory, is widely used. SI3N4 refractory material is used for blast furnace body, and other parts with sic. It is also used with BN in SI3N4 BN material to create horizontal continuous casting separator rings. SI3N4 BN horizontal continuous cast separation ring has a fine-structured ceramic material, with a uniform structure and remarkably high mechanical strength.

Silicon nitride can be used as a ceramic material for high temperature engineering components, advanced materials in the metalurgical industry, sealing and anti-corrosion materials in the chemical industries, cutting and tooling in machining industries, etc.

The silicon nitride used for ultra-high temperatures gas turbines, aircraft, electric heaters, etc. can also be found in solar cells.

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